The periodic replacement of viruses contained in influenza vaccines is necessary in order for the vaccines to be effective due to the constant evolving nature of influenza viruses, including those circulating and infecting humans.
Twice annually, WHO organizes consultations to analyse influenza virus surveillance data generated by the WHO Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS), and issues recommendations on the composition of the influenza vaccines for the following influenza season.
The WHO recommends that quadrivalent vaccines for use in the 2023-2024 influenza season in the northern hemisphere contain the following:
Egg-based vaccines
- an A/Victoria/4897/2022 (H1N1)pdm09-like virus;
- an A/Darwin/9/2021 (H3N2)-like virus;
- a B/Austria/1359417/2021 (B/Victoria lineage)-like virus.
Cell culture- or recombinant-based vaccines
- an A/Wisconsin/67/2022 (H1N1)pdm09-like virus;
- an A/Darwin/6/2021 (H3N2)-like virus;
- a B/Austria/1359417/2021 (B/Victoria lineage)-like virus.
For quadrivalent egg- or cell culture-based or recombinant vaccines for use in the 2023-2024 northern hemisphere influenza season, the WHO recommends inclusion of the following as the B/Yamagata lineage component:
- a B/Phuket/3073/2013 (B/Yamagata lineage)-like virus.
Source.
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